Democratic structures and processes

Key statutes

  • Electoral Act 1993
  • Broadcasting Act 1989 (Part 6)
  • Citizens Initiated Referenda Act 1993
  • Political Disabilities Removal Act 1960
  • Referenda (Postal Voting) Act 2000
  • Local Restoration Polls Act 1990
  • Electoral Access Fund Act 2020

Key secondary legislation

  • Court of Appeal (List Election Petitions) Rules 1998
  • Constituency Election Petition Rules 2008
  • Election Petition Rules 1996
  • Electoral (Advertisements of a Specified Kind) Regulations 2005
  • Electoral (Expenditure Limit) Order 2020
  • Electoral (Fees) Amendment Regulations 2011
  • Electoral (Iwi Organisation and Other Māori Organisation) Regulations 2018
  • Electoral Main Rolls Closing Order 2020
  • Electoral Regulations 1996
  • Citizens Initiated Referenda (Fees) Regulations 1993
  • Citizens Initiated Referenda Regulations 1995
  • Referenda (Postal Voting) Regulations 2009

Recent Reviews and Electoral Reforms

Independent Electoral Review

The Electoral Act 1993, as a core part of our constitution, was reviewed between May 2022 and November 2023 by an independent six-person panel. The final report of this independent review was provided to the Minister of Justice on 30 November 2023 and published on 16 January 2024.

Further information about this review can be found on the archived Independent Electoral Review website here:

Home | Independent Electoral Review(external link)

The final report and other supporting documents can also be downloaded here:

Election Access Fund

The Election Access Fund Act 2020(external link) (the Act) came into force in July 2021. The Act established the Election Access Fund(external link), administered by the Electoral Commission and first implemented for the 2023 General Election. The Act’s purpose is to “remove or reduce barriers to standing as a candidate in a general election or by-election that are faced by individuals as a consequence of their disability and which non-disabled individuals do not face” (section 3).

Under section 10 of the Act, the Minister had to review the operation and effectiveness of the Act no later than 6 months after the date on which the Electoral Commission provided its first report on the Fund. The review was completed by an independent evaluator in early 2024 with support from disability communities 

The report was presented to the House of Representatives on 22 October 2024 and can be found on the Parliament website(external link)

For further accessibility, a Word version can be found here:
Process evaluation of the Election Access Fund Act (2020): after the first use of the Fund (Read only) [DOCX, 773 KB]

The relevant briefing to the Minister has been proactively released and can be found here (with some personal information redacted):
Briefing - Election Access Fund: Statutory evaluation after the first use of the Fund (Redacted) [PDF, 1.1 MB]

Recent electoral amendment acts

Reports on the General Election

The Electoral Commission must report to the Minister on the administration of the general election within 6 months of the election, including any changes it considers necessary or desirable to the Electoral Act 1993. This report must be tabled in Parliament.

See Electoral Commission(external link) for more information, and to download a copy of its election reports.  

 Parliament’s Justice Committee opens an Inquiry into the previous general election, after each election.  

See: Inquiry into the 2023 General Election (external link)for more information about the current Inquiry process.

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